Abdominal Surgery

Total abdominal hysterectomy (with or without bilateral salpingoophorectomy)
Removal of the entire uterus including the cervix with or without the tubes and ovaries through an abdominal incision. The removal of the uterus my be necessary when performing some BUT NOT ALL surgeries for pelvic organ prolapse.

Supracervical hysterectomy
Removal of the uterus without the cervix through an abdominal incision. Leaving the cervix may act as a protective barrier when using graft material in surgeries performed in conjunction with the supracervical hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse.

Sacral colpopexy
Attachment of the top of the vagina to the sacrum using a synthetic or biologic graft performed through an abdominal incision. Performing a supracervical hysterectomy may be necessary to perform this procedure if the uterus is present.

Paravaginal Repair
This procedure may be performed abdominally to support the lateral vaginal walls to fix a cystocele (dropped bladder).